Bio-membrane based on modified cellulose, lignin, and tannic acid for cation and oxyanion removal: Experimental and theoretical study

Two optimized methods, based on epoxy-amino reactivity of the Cellulose fibres (Cell) modified with diethylenetriamine (Cell?DETA), (3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (Cell-Glymo), Lignin epichlorohydrine (EL) and Tannic acid (TA), as an additional crosslinker, were developed for production bio-renewable Cell-EL Cell-EL-TA membranes. The influences pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature adsorption performances studied by batch tests. calculated capacities: 53.9, 99.9, 97.8 63.5, 115.8, 127.5 mg g?1 Ni2+, Pb2+, Cr(VI) using Cell-EL-TA, respectively, obtained from Langmuir model fitting at 25 °C. thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous low endothermic processes. results kinetic study, i.e. pseudo-second-order (PSO) Weber-Morris (W-M), suggest intra-particle diffusion a rate-limiting step. semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations aided analysis non-specific specific adsorbent/adsorbate interactions their contribution to overall bonding mechanism. Membrane utility was confirmed performing bed column study. In general, three main environmental issues present biodegradability used membrane, desorption efficiency, development technology effective effluent water treatment safe disposal by-products highly conform demand integrated management system applicability in practice.